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Bharat Nirman is an Indian plan for creating basic rural infrastructure.^[1] It comprises projects onirrigation, roads (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana), housing (Indira Awaas Yojana), water supply (National Rural Drinking Water Programme), electrification (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana) and telecommunication connectivity.

·         It aims at providing safe drinking water to all the under developed areas in India by 2012.

·         It also aims to develop housing facilities for the poor. Initially the scheme targeted 60 lakh additional houses to be constructed for the poor within the year 2009, but now the plan has been extended to 2014 and the targeted house to be constructed has been increased to 1.2 crore.

·         The plan also includes to cover 40% of the rural area with telecommunication facilities by the year 2014 and provide broadband coverage to all the 2.5 lakh Panchayats by the year 2012.

·         The plans suggests to construct all weather roads by the year 2012 in order to connect all the villages of India having a minimum population of 1000 ( 500 in case of hilly or tribal areas).

·         The plan aims to provide electricity to every village by the year 2012.

·         The plan aims to provide an additional one crore hectare of irrigational land by the year 2012.^[2]

Bharat Nirman have been sub-divided into six parts. The Government of India will try to improve the infrastructural facilities of these six sections individually which will result in the overall development of the infrastructural facilities of the country.

·         Waters

·         Roads

·         Housing

·         Telephone

·         Electricity

·         Irrigation

Bharat Nirman was launched by the Government of India in 2005. Providing rural areas with safe drinking water facilities was one of the key objectives of the plan. It got implemented during 2005-06 to 2008-09. The plan aimed to cover 55,067 un-covered and 3.31 lakh under developed areas with safe drinking water facilities. It also aimed to improve the quality standard of drinking water of 2.17 lakh areas which had poor quality water supplies.^[3]

Sl. No.	State/UT	TARGET ( BALANCE AS ON 1.4.2005)				COVERAGE
		Uncovered	Slipped Back	Quality affected Habs	Total	Uncovered	Slipped Back	Quality affected Habs	Total
1	ANDHRA PR.	0	29744	4050	33794	0	28598	2611	31209
2	ARUNACHAL PR.	668	2752	0	3420	668	870	401	1939
3	ASSAM	7375	10636	8119	26130	7375	8829	2478	18682
4	BIHAR	0	47597	776	48373	0	42705	6306	49011
5	CHHATTISGARH	0	19007	5021	24028	0	29547	1042	20589
6	GOA	6	0	0	6	6	1	0	7
7	GUJARAT	36	4389	8717	13142	36	6046	3551	9633
8	HARYANA	0	2506	361	2867	0	2860	205	3065
9	HIMACHAL PR.	6891	9308	0	16199	6891	9653	0	16544
10	J & K	3211	3138	49	6398	3211	782	0	3993
11	JHARKHAND	0	17225	168	17393	0	17005	457	17462
12	KARNATAKA	5618	809	21008	27435	5618	8578	3238	17434
13	KERALA	7573	421	867	8861	7573	3946	691	12210
14	M.P.	0	37269	5381	42650	0	38512	559	39071
15	MAHARASHTRA	17738	11579	3787	33104	17738	13987	3622	35347
16	MANIPUR	0	80	37	117	0	517	0	517
17	MEGHALAYA	251	4341	160	4752	251	3562	98	3911
18	MIZORAM	112	271	26	409	112	363	26	501
19	NAGALAND	731	202	157	1090	731	614	46	1391
20	ORISSA	0	14900	32254	47154	0	39902	5124	45026
21	PUNJAB	1931	5247	2093	9271	1786	2198	703	4687
22	RAJASTHAN	2300	33680	41072	77052	1871	26897	5355	34123
23	SIKKIM	74	783	0	857	74	510	0	584
24	TAMIL NADU	0	44080	5574	49654	0	33123	1300	34423
25	TRIPURA	0	651	7031	7682	0	825	683	1508
26	UTTAR PRADESH	0	19886	5062	24948	0	24629	3853	28482
27	UTTRANCHAL	272	7562	0	7839	237	5611	0	5848
28	WEST BENGAL	0	3536	65156	68692	0	7625	7728	15363
29	A & N ISLANDS	102	0	26	128	94	0	0	94
30	D & N HAVELI	60	0	0	60	60	0	0	60
31	DAMAN & DIU	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
32	DELHI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
33	LAKSHADWEEP	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
34	PONDICHERRY	108	0	16	124	108	57	91	256
35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Example	TOTAL	55067	331604	216968	603639	54440	358362	50168	462970

^[4]

·         Actually covered habitation. in earlier report coverage includes habitations of ongoing schemes making total of 310698 habitations.

The Government of India has several plans policies in order to improve the infrastructural facilities of rural roads.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on December 25, 2000. The primary objective of PMGSY is to provide good quality all-weather roads in all the rural areas where urban-rural road connectivity is found to be very weak.^[5] All unconnected habitations with a population of more than 500 persons has been provided connectivity by 2007.^[6]

The main objective is to provide housing facilities to the rural areas of India. According to the plan the government of India will construct 60 lac houses for the rural areas by 2009. The scheme under this is named as Indira Awaas Yojana and is governed by the Ministry of Rural Development. It is mainly sponsored by the centre. The ratio of the sponsorship between the center and the state is 75:25.^[7]

This plan aims to supply telecommunication facilities to remote areas of rural areas. It aims in increasing the rural telecommunication facilities by 40%. It also aims to supply broadband and Bharat Nirman Seva Kendras in 2.5 lac Panchayats. According to this plan the government of India will connect each and every village by telecommunication facilities. The plan is taken care of by the Department of Telecom which fall under the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology. There are 66,822 villages which are still left to be covered.^[8]

Rural Teledensity (for the month of February 2011)

SL.No.	Circle/State	Percentage of Rural Teledensity as on March 31, 2009	Percentage of Rural Teledensity as on February 28, 2011
1	ANDAMAN & NICOBAR	16.57	31.75%
2	ANDHRA PRADESH	15.22	33.19%
3	ASSAM	9.36	23.36%
4	BIHAR	9.17	26.41%
5	CHHATTISGARH	1.81	2.77%
6	GUJARAT	25.21	45.81%
7	HARYANA	28.10	51.36%
8	HIMACHAL PRADESH	40.47	68.68%
9	JAMMU & KASHMIR	16.72	29.13%
10	JHARKHAND	1.44	2.35%
11	KARNATAKA	14.36	34.26%
12	KERALA	35.43	52.65%
13	MADHYA PRADESH	11.07	28.95%
14	MAHARASHTRA (including Goa)	21.70	45.25%
15	NORTH-EAST- I (comprising Meghalaya, Mizoram & Tripura)	14.67	50.34%
16	NORTH-EAST- II (comprising Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur & Nagaland)	3.69	7.78%
17	ORISSA	12.55	28.07%
18	PUNJAB	33.11	55.45%
19	RAJASTHAN	16.71	38.14%
20	TAMIL NADU	25.62	47.53%
21	UTTARAKHAND	6.04	9.46%
22	UTTAR PRADESH	10.24	26.47%
23	WEST BENGAL (including Sikkim)	13.50	35.22%
24	KOLKATA	-	-
25	CHENNAI	-	-
26	DELHI	-	-
27	MUMBAI	-	-
	ALL- INDIA	15.11	32.99%

 

BHARAT NIRMAN

1 Bharat Nirman--A time-bound plan for rural infrastructure by the Government of India in partnership with State Governments and Panchayat Raj Institutions 2005-20092

3 Bharat Nirman: Tasks

• Every village to be provided electricity: remaining 1,25,000 villages to

be covered by 2009 as well as connect 2.3 crore households

• Every habitation over 1000 population and above (500 in hilly and tribal

areas) to be provided an all-weather road: remaining 66,802 habitations

to be covered by 2009

• Every habitation to have a safe source of drinking water: 55,067 ncovered habitations to be covered by 2009. In addition all habitations which have slipped back from full coverage to partial coverage due to failure of source and habitations which have water quality problems to be addressed

• Every village to be connected by telephone: remaining 66,822 villages o be covered by November 2007

• 10 million hectares (100 lakhs) of additional irrigation capacity to be reated by 2009

• 60 lakh houses to be constructed for the rural poor by 2009 While the agenda is not new, the effort here is to impart a sense of urgency to these goals, make the programme time-bound, transparent and ccountable. These investments in rural infrastructure will unlock the growth potential of rural India.4

Goal: Every village to be provided electricity: remaining 1,25,000 villages to be covered by 2009 The Ministry of Power has the responsibility of providing electricity to the remaining 1,25,000 villages through the programme instrument of Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana. In addition it will also provide 23 million households with electricity. As per the Census of 2001, 1,25,000 villages remained uncovered.

• Components of Infrastructure

To be able to achieve this objective, Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone with at least a 33/11

KV sub-station would be set up in each block, at least one Distribution Transformer in each habitation

of every village or hamlet as Village Electrification Infrastructure, Stand-alone grid with generation

where grid supply is not feasible. These Stand-alone grids would be set up in partnership with the

Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy also.

• Norms of village electrification

A village will be deemed electrified if the following conditions are met.

- “ basic infrastructure such as distribution transformer and distribution lines are provided in the

inhabited locality as well as the dalit basti/hamlet where it exists. (For electrification through

non-conventional energy sources a Distribution Transformer may not be necessary)

- electricity is provided to public places like schools, panchayat offices, health centres, dispensaries,

community centres, etc. and

- number of households electrified should be at least 10% of the total number of households in the

village”.

• Management

Rural Electrification Corporation would be the agency for implementation.

The Management of Rural Distribution will be franchisees that could be Users Associations, individual

entrepreneurs, Cooperatives, Non-Governmental Organizations, Panchayat Institutions.

I. ELECTRICITYBHARAT NIRMAN

5

Services of Central Services undertakings like National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC),

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL), National Hydro Electric Power Corporation

Limited (NHPC) and Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) will be made available for the execution

of rural electrification projects. These CPSUs have been allocated districts in each state wherein

they will implement the rural electrification network.

• Finances

90% capital subsidy will be provided for overall cost of the projects under the scheme. The

capital subsidy for eligible projects under the scheme will be through the Rural Electrification

Corporation Limited, which will be the nodal agency. Electrification of unelectrified

below-poverty-line households will be financed with 100% capital subsidy at Rs.1500 per

connection in all rural habitations. Others will be paying for the connections at prescribed

connection charges and no subsidy will be made available.

• Prioritisation

For creation of village electrification infrastructure, first priority will be given to un-electrified

villages. Preference for electrification will be given to Dalit Bastis, Tribal settlements and

habitations of weaker sections.6

STATE WISE TARGET FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

Sl. State Total No. of Total No. of Balance % age of

No. inhabited villages villages electrified un-electrified electrified

as per 1991 census villages villages

1 Andhra Pradesh 26586 26565 (21)$ 100

2. Arunachal Pradesh 3649 2335 1314 64

3. Assam 24685 19081 5604 77.30

4. Bihar 38475 19251 19224 50

5. Jharkhand 29336 7641 21695 26

6. Goa 360 360 - 100

7. Gujarat 18028 17940 (88)$ 100

8. Haryana 6759 6759 - 100

9. Himachal Pradesh 16997 16891 106 99.38

10 J&K 6477 6301 176 97.28

11. Karnataka 27066 26771 295 98.91

12. Kerala 1384 1384 - 100

13. Madhya Pradesh 51806 50474 1332 97.43

14. Chattisgarh 19720 18532 1188 94

15. Maharashtra 40412 40351 (61)$ 100

16. Manipur 2182 2043 139 93.63

17. Meghalaya 5484 3016 2468 55

18. Mizoram 698 691 7 99

19. Nagaland 1216 1216 - 100

20. Orissa 46989 37663 9326 80.15

21. Punjab 12428 12428 - 100

22. Rajasthan 37889 37276 613 98.38

23. Sikkim 447 405 42 90.60

24. Tamil Nadu 15822 15822 - 100

25. Tripura 855 818 37 95.67

26. Uttar Pradesh 97122 57042 40080 58.73

27. Uttaranchal 15681 13131 2550 83.73

28. West Bengal 37910 31705 6205 83.63

Total (States) 586463 47382 11241 80.80

Total UTs 1093 1090 (3)$ 100%

All India 587556 474982 112401 80.80%

$ Balance villages are not feasible for electrification.

* As per the new definition of village electrification (effective from 2004-05) total number of unelectrified

villages is estimated to be around 1,25,000.

Source: Ministry of PowerBHARAT NIRMAN

7

Goal: Every habitation over 1000 population and above (500 in hilly

and tribal areas) to be provided an all-weather road: remaining 66,802

habitations to be covered by 2009

The Ministry of Rural Development has the responsibility of ensuring that every habitation over

1000 population and every habitation with more than 500 in hilly and tribal areas is connected with

an all-weather road by 2009. This is expected to generate multiplier effects in the rural economy of

linking production to markets and services. This work which is being undertaken under the Pradhan

Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana since 2000, has been modified to address the above goals within the

stipulated time-frame.

• Magnitude of the Task

To achieve the targets of Bharat Nirman, 1,46,185 Kms road length is proposed to be constructed

by 2009. This will benefit 66,802 unconnected eligible habitations in the country. To ensure full

farm-to-market connectivity, it is also proposed to upgrade 1,94,132 kms. of the existing Associated

Through Routes.

• Management

A district and rural roads plan has been prepared listing out complete network of all roads in the

district that has village roads, major district roads, state roads and national highways. The concept

of core network has been operationalised to focus on those set of roads, which are considered

essential to provide connectivity to all habitations of the desired size. The Core Network is the

basic instrumentality for prioritization of construction and allocation of funds for maintenance.

Action has been initiated to develop GIS-based applications to further enhance the utility of the

Core Network.

The programme is implemented through a framework of consultation with public representatives

ranging from the panchayat level up to Parliament. A Rural Roads Manual guides the implementation

of the programme. A separate Book of Specification and a Standard Data Book have been prepared.

As per this, standard bidding documents are to be adopted by the states. For MIS there is a

computerized Online Management and Monitoring Accounting System.

II. ROADS8

• Finances

Approximately Rs.48,000 crores is proposed to be invested to achieve this objective. 100% of the

funds of this programme is being provided by the Central Government.

• Work Done

27,059 road work covering 76,566 kms have been completed benefiting 36, 659 habitations so far.

Bharat Nirman - Habitation Details

Sl.No Name of the State Habitations Total

1000+ 500-999

1 Andhra Pradesh 0 0 0

2 Arunachal Pradesh 92 206 298

3 Assam 5182 3950 9132

4 Bihar 9956 0 9956

5 Chhattisgarh 1848 4461 6309

6 Goa 0 0 0

7 Gujarat 0 978 978

8 Haryana 0 0 0

9 Himachal Pradesh 138 487 625

10 Jammu & Kashmir 614 854 1468

11 Jharkhand 1894 1983 3877

12 Karnataka 0 0 0

13 Kerala 0 0 0

14 Madhya Pradesh 4303 3529 7832

15 Maharashtra 0 0 0

16 Manipur 71 110 181

17 Meghalaya 36 119 155

18 Mizoram 24 109 133

19 Nagaland 9 31 40

20 Orissa 2312 2135 4447

21 Punjab 0 0 0

22 Rajasthan 30 3922 3952

23 Sikkim 6 114 120

24 Tamil Nadu 0 0 0

25 Tripura 175 635 810

26 Uttar Pradesh 3738 1164 4902

27 Uttaranchal 76 637 713

28 West Bengal 9932 942 10874

Total 40436 26366 66802

Source: Ministry of Rural DevelopmentBHARAT NIRMAN

9

Bharat Nirman Physical Targets for Upgradation

( Length in Kms )

Sl.No Name of the State 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08L 2008-09 Total

 length length length length Length

1 Andhra Pradesh 1821.494 2258.652 2258.652 2258.652 8597.45

2 Arunachal Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0

3 Assam 0 2005.71 2269.808 2219.843 6495.361

4 Bihar 0 2393.617 3510.638 3390.958 9295.213

5 Chhattisgarh 0 1986.063 3240.418 3222.996 8449.477

6 Goa 190.114 190.114 190.114 190.114 760.456

7 Gujarat 0 1557.971 1557.971 1413.043 4528.985

8 Haryana 229.358 1146.789 1146.789 1238.532 3761.468

9 Himachal Pradesh 0 1515.923 1694.268 1503.185 4713.376

10 Jammu & Kashmir 0 1007.584 920.91 1007.584 2936.078

11 Jharkhand 0 2108.433 2123.494 1987.952 6219.879

12 Karnataka 2573.529 2573.529 2573.529 2573.529 10294.12

13 Kerala 524.109 628.931 524.109 524.109 2201.258

14 Madhya Pradesh 0 5189.543 6614.379 6823.53 18627.45

15 Maharashtra 4334.365 4334.365 4334.365 4334.365 17337.46

16 Manipur 0 0 0 0 0

17 Meghalaya 0 587.583 587.583 665.189 1840.355

18 Mizoram 0 257.998 257.998 216.718 732.714

19 Nagaland 0 246.914 246.914 370.371 864.199

20 Orissa 0 4438.574 4663.144 5059.445 14161.16

21 Punjab 423.729 1483.051 1483.051 1680.791 5070.622

22 Rajasthan 0 4764.543 4653.74 3656.51 13074.79

23 Sikkim 0 196.85 137.795 98.425 433.07

24 Tamil Nadu 1297.71 2824.427 2824.427 4167.939 11114.5

25 Tripura 0 373.737 383.838 414.141 1171.716

26 Uttar Pradesh 0 7158.962 6956.031 14408.12 28523.11

27 Uttaranchal 0 889.454 1283.354 1270.648 3443.456

28 West Bengal 0 2549.942 2878.965 4054.053 9482.96

Total 11394.41 54669.26 59316.28 68750.74 194130.7

Source: Ministry of Rural Development10

Bharat Nirman - Physical Targets for New Connectivity

( Length in Kms, Habitations in Numbers )

Sl. Name of the State 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Total

No Length Habs Length Habs Length Habs Length Habs Length Habs

1 Andhra Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 Arunachal Pradesh 162.5 22 637.5 85 646.875 86 671.875 105 2118.75 298

3 Assam 605.852 421 2864.063 1988 3889.845 2701 5793.46 4022 13153.22 9132

4 Bihar 1665.831 896 3928.75 2062 6121.425 3214 7230.306 3784 18946.31 9956

5 Chhattisgarh 1501.365 478 4367.606 1310 6450.644 2007 8255.181 2514 20574.8 6309

6 Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 Gujarat 402.955 230 429.723 246 438.675 251 438.675 251 1710.028 978

8 Haryana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 Himachal Pradesh 464.583 127 795.833 209 638.542 166 479.167 123 2378.125 625

10 Jammu & Kashmir 169.972 57 1059.49 352 1781.869 593 1405.099 466 4416.43 1468

11 Jharkhand 1051.779 526 2594.39 1295 1812.298 901 2319.31 1155 7777.777 3877

12 Karnataka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 Kerala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 Madhya Pradesh 2602.139 768 6162.451 1760 8326.848 2399 10470.17 2905 27561.61 7832

15 Maharashtra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 Manipur 100 11 460.714 48 464.286 48 719.048 74 1744.048 181

17 Meghalaya 123.609 35 135.971 39 140.091 40 144.211 41 543.882 155

18 Mizoram 82.746 12 274.819 39 277.884 39 306.498 43 941.947 133

19 Nagaland 93.318 9 104.529 10 109.507 10 114.485 11 421.839 40

20 Orissa 1055.95 493 1985.609 874 2524.021 1087 4427.774 1993 9993.354 4447

21 Punjab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 Rajasthan 2153.615 743 3629.519 1252 3554.217 1225 2123.494 732 11460.85 3952

23 Sikkim 75.031 22 104.042 30 108.043 31 132.053 37 419.169 120

24 Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 Tripura 94.774 66 261.74 183 354.701 248 447.661 313 1158.876 810

26 Uttar Pradesh 1966.416 1236 2390.632 1504 2059.213 1295 1378.701 867 7794.962 4902

27 Uttaranchal 380.609 95 422.008 106 1025.641 257 1020.299 255 2848.557 713

28 West Bengal 739.378 787 2572.767 2738 3265.307 3473 3643.359 3876 10220.81 10874

Total 15492.42 7034 35182.16 16130 43989.93 20071 51520.83 23567 146185.3 66802

Source: Ministry of Rural DevelopmentBHARAT NIRMAN

11

Goal: Every habitation to have a safe source of drinking water: 55,067

uncovered habitations to be covered by 2009. In addition, all

habitations which have slipped back from full coverage to partial

coverage due to failure of source and habitations which have water

quality problems to be addressed.

The Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Drinking Water Supply is responsible for

meeting this goal in partnership with State Governments. The programme instrument of the

Government of India is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Accelerated Rural Water Supply

Programme under implementation since 1972-73 which is funded on a 50% matching share basis

between the Government of India and the State Government. Since 1972, over 37 lakh hand

pumps and 1.5 lakh pipe water supply systems have been set up to provide safe water to over 15 lakh

habitations in the country at a cost of over Rs 50,000 crore.

• Norms for coverage

- 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water for human beings

- 30 lpcd additional for cattle in the Desert Development Programme Areas

- One hand pump or stand post for every 250 persons

- The water source should exist within 1.6 km in the plains and within 100 metres elevation in the

hilly areas

• Current Backlog

The backlog for coverage is under estimation based on a habitation survey for the categories of

uncovered villages, slipped- back villages and villages affected with a problem of water quality.

55,067 villages remain uncovered and are targeted for coverage as first priority. The category of

slipped-back villages estimated by the Planning Commission at the beginning of the Tenth Plan as

2.8 lakh habitations. These are so on account of a number of factors like

- Sources going dry or lowering of the ground water table

- Sources becoming quality affected

III. DRINKING WATER12

- Systems outliving their lives

- Systems working below rated capacity due to poor operation and maintenance

- Increase in population resulting in lower per capita availability

- Emergence of new habitations

According to the data received from State Governments based on a survey undertaken in 2000,

2,16,968 habitations are affected due to a variety of water quality problems with the following

break-up:

excess fluoride: 31,306; excess arsenic: 5029; excess salinity:23,495; excess iron:1,18,088; excess

nitrate: 13,958 and multiple quality problems: 25,092.

The Government of India has decided that under Bharat Nirman names of habitations would have

to be provided by State Governments for availing funds from Government of India. This would

give maximum transparency to the programme. State Governments would be required to place the

habitations proposed for coverage and covered on this site in course of time.

• Finances

The scheme is funded on a 50% basis by the GoI and expenditure of Rs.4050 crores is expected for

the current year. The actual requirement will be worked out based on the names of habitations

supplied by the states and funded.BHARAT NIRMAN

13

STATUS OF REMAINING UNCOVERED HABITATIONS

S. No. State/UT STATUS OF HABITATIONS AS ON 1-4-2005

NC PC Total

1 ANDHRA PRADESH 0 0 0

2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 158 510 668

3 ASSAM 238 7137 7375

4 BIHAR 0 0 0

5 CHHATTISGARH 0 0 0

6 GOA 0 6 6

7 GUJARAT 0 36 36

8 HARYANA 0 0 0

9 HIMACHAL PRADESH* 0 6891 6891

10 JAMMU & KASHMIR* 660 2551 3211

11 JHARKHAND 0 0 0

12 KARNATAKA 0 5618 5618

13 KERALA* 0 7573 7573

14 M.P. 0 0 0

15 MAHARASHTRA 327 17411 17738

16 MANIPUR 0 0 0

17 MEGHALAYA 12 239 251

18 MIZORAM* 0 112 112

19 NAGALAND* 41 690 731

20 ORISSA 0 0 0

21 PUNJAB 803 1128 1931

22 RAJASTHAN 2300 0 2300

23 SIKKIM 0 74 74

24 TAMILNADU 0 0 0

25 TRIPURA 0 0 0

26 UTTAR PRADESH 0 0 0

27 UTTARANCHAL 30 242 272

28 WEST BENGAL 0 0 0

29 A & N ISLANDS* 0 102 102

30 DADRA NAGAR HAVELI* 19 41 60

31 DAMAN & DIU 0 0 0

32 DELHI 0 0 0

33 LAKSHADWEEP* 0 10 10

34 PONDICHERRY 0 108 108

35 CHANDIGARH 0 0 0

TOTAL 4588 50479 55067

Source: Department of Drinking Water Supply, M/o Rural Development

NC: Not Covered, PC: Partially Covered

Note1: Only States/UTS marked with * have furnished figures for status of habitations as on 1-4-2005 For rest of

the States/UTs the figures for status of habitations are as on 1-11-200414

Goal: Every village to be connected by telephone: remaining

66,822 villages to be covered by November 2007

The Department of Telecom in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has

the responsibility of providing telephone connectivity to the 66,822 villages that remain to be covered.

• Current Status

A statement indicating the break up of the uncovered villages, number of Village Public Telephones

(VPTs) to be provided on satellite and other technologies and the VPTs already provided up to 30th

September, 2005 is given belowIV. TELEPHONE

SlNo Name of the Total No. of VPTs to be VPTs to be VPTs

Service Area uncovered provided on provided on provided

villages Satellite other upto

Technology Technology 30.09.05

1. Andhra Pradesh 1074 115 959 208

2. Assam 8931 279 8652 1976

3. Jharkhand 1694 1694 0 30

4. Gujarat 4144 0 4144 1657

5. H.P. 1002 275 727 234

6. J&K 1755 465 1290 206

7. M.P. 11894 443 11451 3454

8. Chattisgarh 5043 88 4955 675

9. Maharashtra 6441 496 5945 1844

10. North East – I 2128 578 1550 76

11. North East – II 1550 1289 261 30

12. Orissa 4899 4899 0 0

13. Rajasthan 12386 18 12368 2493

14. Uttaranchal 3881 3544 337 195

Total 66822 14183 52639 13078

Source: D/o Telecommunications, M/o Communications & ITBHARAT NIRMAN

15

• Funds

The resources for implementation of universal services obligation are raised through a Universal

Service Levy which has presently been fixed at 5% of the adjusted gross revenue of all telecom service

providers except the pure value added service providers like internet, voice mail, e-mail service providers.

The rules also make a provision for the Central Government to give grants and loans to the Fund. The

balance to the credit of the Fund does not lapse at the end of the financial year.

USO Fund assigns the task of providing VPTs on the basis of bids through open tender and in this

case the work has been assigned to Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Out of the 66,822 villages identified,

connectivity in 14,183 remote and far-flung villages will be provided through digital satellite phone

terminals. From the USOF, assistance is provided for both capital expenditure as well as operational

expenditure. It is estimated that a total sum of Rs.451 crore would be required to provide VPTs in

these 66,822 villages and the entire sum will be met out of USOF and no separate allocation from

Government would be required.

• Additional Incentives

Telecom service providers are being assisted through the USOF to penetrate into the rural areas for

the following activities:

- Maintenance of existing village public telephones (VPTs).

- Provision of an additional rural community phone in villages with a population of more than

two thousand and where no public call office exists.

- Replacement of village public telephones installed on Multi Access Radio Relay (MARR)

technology.

- Telephone lines installed in household in specified rural areas.

• Increasing Rural Teledensity

Rural teledensity will be significiantly enhanced during the period of Bharat Nirman.

• Knowledge Connectivity

The Government is committed to expanding rural connectivity through a slew of measures so that

rural users can access information of value and transact business. This will include connecting

block headquarters with fibre optic network, using wireless technology to achieve last mile connectivity

and operating information kiosks through a partnership of citizens, panchayats, civil society

organizations, the private sector and Government.16

Goal: 10 million hectares (100 lakhs) of additional irrigation capacity

to be created by 2009

The Ministry of Water Resources in collaboration with State Governments is responsible for creation

of additional 10 million hectares of irrigation capacity by the year 2009 through major, medium and

minor irrigation projects complemented by ground water development.

• Current Status

The ultimate irrigation potential for the country has been estimated as 139.88 million hectare (Mha),

which include potential through Major and Medium irrigation projects (58.46 Mha), surface water

based minor irrigation schemes (17.42 Mha) and ground water development (64.00 Mha). So far,

the irrigation potential of 99.36 Mha has already been created. However, the created potential has

not been fully utilized and the gap between created and utilized potential has been estimated to be

of the order of 14 Mha.

(a) Major and Medium Irrigation (MMI) Projects

For the country as a whole, 66% of the ultimate irrigation potential of major and medium projects

has been created. 388 Major and Medium irrigation projects which were taken up prior to or during

the IX Plan are still ongoing which would result in creation of 12.1 Mha of additional irrigation

potential. In addition, the States have proposed 204 Major and Medium projects during X Plan and

the potential likely to be created is of the order of 4.99 Mha.

So far, 173 major and medium, 4169 minor and 21 Extension, Renovation and Modernization

(ERM) projects have been provided Central Loan Assistance under Accelerated Irrigation benefit

Programme (AIBP). The potential creation through projects supported under AIBP has been

found to be 0.35 Mha per year with about 0.47 Mha per year in the last two years. As per existing

Plan, the projected creation of irrigation potential through AIBP is 0.50 Mha per year in the remaining

period of X Five Year Plan.

The average rate of creation of irrigation potential through Major and Medium projects from 1951

to 1997 has been found to be of the order of 0.51 Mha per year. During the year 1997 to 2005, the

rate for creation has been found to be 0.92 Mah per year. The pace of creation of new irrigation

potential through Major and Medium projects has increased in the recent past. This is probably due

to fruition of projects started much earlier, which have been expedited due to increased support

through AIBP.

V. IRRIGATIONBHARAT NIRMAN

17

The projects for extension, renovation and modernization (ERM) of major and medium irrigation

schemes are also being implemented with arrangement similar to that for completion of ongoing

major and medium schemes. The implementation of ERM projects along with Command Area

Development and Water Management (CAD and WM) help in sustaining the created facilities and

in improving the utilization.

(b) Minor Irrigation Schemes

There is considerable variation in creation of irrigation potential through minor irrigation (both

surface and ground water) schemes from State to State. While full potential through minor irrigation

has been tapped in some of the States, it is relatively very low in others.

Minor irrigation through surface water covers water sources (tanks and small reservoirs) with a

culturable command area (CCA) of less than 2000 ha. About 70% of the ultimate potential through

surface water based minor irrigation schemes has since been created. The Report of the National

Commission for Integrated Water Resources Development points out that the carrying capacity of

tanks has decreased over time for a variety of reasons and that the restoration and renovation of

tanks and other local sources is a priority task.

Since 2004-05, a pilot scheme for “repair, renovation and restoration of water bodies directly linked

to agriculture” has been taken up by the Government as a state-sector scheme in the 16 districts of

the country which is proposed to be expanded.

(c) Ground Water Development

From the surveys conducted for estimation of availability and status of ground water, the Central

Ground Water Board (CGWB) has identified areas that are over-exploited (where exploitation is

more than natural recharge of ground water) and areas that are “critical or dark” (where draft is

between 70% to 100% of the natural recharge of ground water). The recent survey indicates that

out of 7414 identified units (blocks/talukas/watershed), 471 are “Overexploited” and 318 are “Critical

or Dark” units. Thus less than 11% of the total units fall under the category of “over-exploited”

and “critical”. The ultimate irrigation potential to be created is based on the assessed replenishable

groundwater after duly accounting for the domestic and industrial uses (about 10%). It has been

assessed that ground water is still available for utilization in many parts of the country, particularly

in the eastern parts of the country, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and in specific pockets of

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Jammu & Kashmir. In Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan,

Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, the rechargeable quantum of ground water has been exceeded and mining

of static reserves has commenced. This reinforces the need to take urgent steps to increase recharge

and conservation.18

• Targets under Bharat Nirman

Sl. No. Component Target

I Completion of ongoing Major & medium 4.2 Mha

Irrigation Projects

II Minor irrigation schemes 2.8 MHA

• Surface water 1.0 Mha

• Ground Water 1.8 Mha

III Enhancing utilization of completed projects 2.0 Mha

• ERM of major & medium projects 1.0 Mha

• Repair, renovation and restoration of 1.0 Mha

water bodies/ERM of minor irrigation schemes.

IV Ground water development in area with unutilized

ground water potential (for benefit of small and

marginal farmers and Tribals & Dalits)1

1.0 Mha

1

 Creation of potential of 1 Mha through ground water development in areas with unutilized ground

water potential would primarily benefit small and marginal farmers who are mostly tribals, dalits and weaker

sections of society. The scheme envisages full involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions in implementation of the schemes.BHARAT NIRMAN

19

Goal: 60 lakh houses to be constructed for the rural poor by 2009

The Ministry of Rural Development through the Indira Awaas Yojana undertakes this activity as a

Centrally Sponsored Scheme where the cost is shared between the Centre and States on 75:25 basis.

• Task

The 2001 Census places the rural housing shortage figure in India at around 149 lakhs. Construction

of 60 lakh houses over the next four years across the country is envisaged, starting from 2005-06 to

address a significant portion of this backlog.

• Criteria

The criteria adopted for allocation of financial resources between the States/UTs give greater

emphasis to the states with higher incidence of shelterlessness. 75% weightage is given to housing

shortage and 25% to the poverty ratios prescribed by the Planning Commission for State-level

allocations. For district-level allocations, 75% weightage is given again to housing shortage and

25% to SC/ST population of the districts concerned. Grant assistance is provided to the extent of

Rs. 25,000 per house for normal areas and Rs. 27,500 for hilly areas. Funds are released to the

DRDAs in two installments.

• Prioritisation

Implementation guidelines of the scheme specifically target the rural below poverty line (BPL)

households. The respective Gram Sabha does the selection of beneficiaries from the BPL list and

no higher approval is required. The guidelines also clearly specify that the house allotment should

be in the name of the female member of the family as a first priority. While seeking to empower the

rural women, the scheme also provides priority to physically and mentally challenged persons, exservicemen, widows and freed bonded labourers. It is stipulated that at least 60% of the beneficiaries

should belong to the SC/ST communities. The IAY scheme also lays emphasis on sanitation and

health by incorporating the cost of a sanitary latrine and smokeless chulah into the per unit grant

provided to the beneficiary for construction/upgradation of the dwelling unit.

VI. HOUSING

 

 

 

 

Bharat Nirman: Tasks

• Every village to be provided electricity: remaining 1,25,000 villages to

be covered by 2009 as well as connect 2.3 crore households

• Every habitation over 1000 population and above (500 in hilly and tribal

areas) to be provided an all-weather road: remaining 66,802 habitations

to be covered by 2009

• Every habitation to have a safe source of drinking water: 55,067

uncovered habitations to be covered by 2009. In addition all habitations

which have slipped back from full coverage to partial coverage due to

failure of source and habitations which have water quality problems to

be addressed

• Every village to be connected by telephone: remaining 66,822 villages

to be covered by November 2007

• 10 million hectares (100 lakhs) of additional irrigation capacity to be

created by 2009

• 60 lakh houses to be constructed for the rural poor by 2009

While the agenda is not new, the effort here is to impart a sense of urgency

to these goals, make the programme time-bound, transparent and

accountable. These investments in rural infrastructure will unlock the

 

growth potential of rural India.