For the organized growth and development of Science and Technology in India, different specialized research and development agencies and organization are being set up.

Every organization specializes in a particular field to develop an advanced type of knowledge-based technology; for example, atomic industry is accountable to develop nuclear technology to fulfil the growing demands of energy.

India made vast developments in science and technology over the last 5 years. Some of them are-

 

Space Exploration

 

Mars Orbit Mission

 

The Mars Orbiter Mission, also called "Mangalyaan", was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission, making ISRO the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency, the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation to do so on its first attempt.

Chandrayaan-1

On 18 November 2008, the Moon Impact probe was released from Chandrayaan-1 at a height of 100 km (62 mi). During its 25-minute descent, Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) recorded evidence of water in 650 mass spectra readings gathered during this time. On 24 September 2009 Science journal reported that the Chandrayaan-1 had detected water ice on the Moon.

Thirty Meter Telescope

The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a planned, eighteen story, astronomical observatory and extremely large telescope to be built on the summit of Mauna Kea in the state of Hawaii. The TMT is designed for near-ultravioletto mid-infrared (0.31 to 28 μm wavelengths) observations, featuring adaptive optics to assist in correcting image blur. The TMT will be at the highest altitude of all the proposed ELTs. The telescope has government-level support from several R&D spending nations: China, Japan, Canada and India.

The idea of science academies in India has evolved along with the Indian independence movement. The three major science academies Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India were all founded in the pre-independence era (pre-1947) between 1930 and 1935. The countries resulting from partition of the sub-content have subsequently founded their own academies, namely Pakistan which founded Pakistan Academy of Sciences in 1953 and later Bangladesh with the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences founded in 1973.

Indian Academy of Sciences

Also referred to colloquially as the "Bangalore Academy", Indian Academy of Sciences (IAS) was founded in 1934 by C. V. Raman, the eminent physicist of his time in Bangalore (now Bengaluru), Karnataka (formerly known as the State of Mysore), and India.

National Academy of Sciences, India

The founder and first president of the National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI) was Dr. Meghnad Saha in 1930 in Allahabad (Prayag), Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian National Science Academy

Founded in 1935 based on a proposal by the Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) and National Institute of Science of India (NISI) with Dr. Meghnad Saha's blessings, Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is based in New Delhi, India. According to its charter, the historical aim of the INSA was to be similar to the Royal Society, London, a gathering of learned people to exchange ideas and further science.

Market size

India ranks 6th position for scientific publications and ranks at 10th for patents which included only resident applications.* The number of patent applications filed by the Indian scientists and inventors increased to 47,857 in FY18 from 46,904 in FY16. India ranks 13th position at the Nature Index in 2017, based on counts of high-quality research outputs in natural sciences.

India improved its rank on the Global Innovation Index for the second year consecutively. From being ranked at the 81st position in 2015, India improved its ranking to 66th in 2016 and further to 60th in 2017.

The Government of India is extensively promoting research parks technology business incubators (TBIs) and (RPs) which would promote the innovative ideas till they become commercial ventures. India is world’s third largest technology startup hub with incorporation of 1,000 new companies in 2017.

The engineering R&D and product development market in India is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 20.55 per cent to reach US$ 45 billion by 2020 from US$ 28 billion in FY18

Developments/Investments:

With support from the government, considerable investment and development has incurred in different sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, space research, and nuclear power through scientific research. For instance, India is gradually becoming self-reliant in nuclear technology.

Recent developments

Some of the recent developments in the field of science and technology in India are as follows:

• As per the Government records, the number of Indian scientists coming back to India to pursue research opportunities has increased from 243 in 2007-2012 to 649 between 2012 and 2017 . In the span of 5 years 649 Indian scientists have returned to pursue research opportunities.
• India's space business to witness tremendous growth in the next five years, on the back of technology advancement, global space business opportunity and a sharp rise in Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) satellite launch capability.

Investment Scenario

• GridRaster Inc, working in the virtual and augmented reality space, has raised US$ 2 million as seed funding, which will be used for marketing and product development.
• India’s R&D investments forecasted to increase to US$ 83.27 billion in 2018 from US$ 76.91 billion in 2017.

Government Initiatives

• In February 2018, the Union Cabinet has approved implementation of 'Prime Minister Research Fellows (PMRF)' scheme, which will promote the mission of development through innovation, at a total cost of Rs 1,650 crore (US$ 245.94 million) for a period of seven years beginning 2018-19.
• In February 2018, Union Government of India announced grant of Rs 1,000 crore (US$ 155.55 million) for the second phase of Impacting Research Innovation and Technology (IMPRINT), a fund created by Department of Science and Technology and Ministry of Human Resource and Development.
• The Government of India granted Atal Innovation Mission with US$ 24.84 million will boost the academicians, entrepreneurs and researchers to work towards innovation.
• In July 2018, Atal Innovation Mission along with MyGov launched “Innovate India Platform” with the aim of providing a common point for all the innovation happening across India.

The Union Budget 2018-19

• The allocation to the Department of Science and Technology (DST) has been increased by 8.21 per cent to Rs 5,114.78 crore (US$ 790.05 million) as against the previous budget.
• The budget for the Ministry of Science and Technology, has been increased by 6.11 per cent to Rs 12,322.28 crore (US$ 1.9 billion) as against the previous budget.
• The Department of Atomic Energy has been allocated Rs 13,971.41 crore (US$ 2.16 billion), an increase of 5.76 per cent against the previous budget.
• The Ministry of Earth Sciences was allocated Rs 1,800 crore (US$ 278.04 million), which is an increase of 12.66 per cent as against the previous budget.

Achievements

Following are the achievements of the government in the past four years:

• The first national state-of-the-art cGMP facility for production of herbal preparations was established in CSIR-IIIM. It has production capacity of 30,000 tablets and capsules per hour and 500 litres of liquid per batch.
• DBT launched the DBT-BUILDER (Boost to University Interdisciplinary Departments of Life Sciences for Education and Research) scheme to boost advanced education and promotion of interdisciplinary research and technology development.
• The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) launched 30 skill/training programmes in the areas of: leather processing; paints and coatings; electroplating and metal finishing; industrial maintenance engineering; bioinformatics; mechatronics; glass beaded jewellery, etc.
• The fellowships/schemes awarded/sanctioned during last 4 years (2014-15 to 2017-18) include:
• CSIR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF)and National Eligibility Test (NET): 10,687
• Senior Research Fellowship (SRF)-Direct: 1792
• Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship (SPMF): 158
• CSIR JRF-GATE (for Engineering & Pharmaceutical Sciences): 116
• CSIR Research Associateships (RA) to pursue postdoctoral research: 525
• CSIR Senior Research Associateships (SRA): 324
• CSIR Nehru Science Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Scheme: 41

The Road Ahead

India is aggressively working towards establishing itself as a leader in industrialization and technological development. Significant developments in the nuclear energy sector are likely as India looks to expand its nuclear capacity. Moreover, nanotechnology is expected to transform the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The agriculture sector is also likely to undergo a major revamp, with the government investing heavily for the technology-driven Green Revolution. Government of India, through the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy-2013, among other things, aspires to position India among the world’s top five scientific powers. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) will launch its first Indian human mission by 2022.

 

 

 

 

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